the different muscle-energetics during shortening and stretch不同muscle-energetics期间缩短和拉伸.pdfVIP

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 2891-2900; doi:10.3390/ijm OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422–0067 /journal/ijms Review The Different Muscle-Energetics during Shortening and Stretch Robert Jarosch Formerly Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; E-Mail: ilse.foissner@sbg.ac.at; Tel.: +43-07612-67972; Fax: +43-662-8044-619 Received: 21 February 2011; in revised form: 17 March 2011 / Accepted: 12 April 2011 / Published: 3 May 2011 Abstract: The helical shape of the thin filaments causes their passive counterclockwise rotation during muscle stretch that increases tensile stress and torque at first by unwinding and then by winding up the four anchoring Z-filaments. This means storage of energy in the series elastic Z-filaments and a considerable decrease of the liberated energy of heat and work to (h—wap), where h is the heat energy and wap the stretch energy induced from outside by an apparatus. The steep thin filament helix with an inclination angle of 70° promotes the passive rotation during stretch, but impedes the smooth sliding of shortening by increased friction and production of frictional heat. The frictional heat may be produced by the contact with the myosin cross-bridges : (1) when they passively snap on drilling thin filaments from cleft to cleft over a distance 2 ×2.7 nm = 5.