the discodermia calyx toxin calyculin a enhances cyclin d1 phosphorylation and degradation, and arrests cell cycle progression in human breast cancer cellsdiscodermia花萼毒素calyculin有提高细胞周期蛋白d1磷酸化和退化,人类乳腺癌细胞细胞周期进程和逮捕.pdfVIP
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the discodermia calyx toxin calyculin a enhances cyclin d1 phosphorylation and degradation, and arrests cell cycle progression in human breast cancer cellsdiscodermia花萼毒素calyculin有提高细胞周期蛋白d1磷酸化和退化,人类乳腺癌细胞细胞周期进程和逮捕
Toxins 2011, 3, 105-119; doi:10.3390/toxins3010105
OPEN ACCESS
toxins
ISSN 2072-6651
/journal/toxins
Article
The Discodermia calyx Toxin Calyculin A Enhances Cyclin D1
Phosphorylation and Degradation, and Arrests Cell Cycle
Progression in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Jessica R. Edelson and David L. Brautigan *
Center for Cell Signaling and Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine,
Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; E-Mail: jrh9x@
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: db8g@;
Tel.: +1-434-924-5892; Fax: +1-434-924-1236.
Received: 8 October 2010; in revised form: 8 January 2011 / Accepted: 21 January 2011 /
Published: 24 January 2011
Abstract: Cyclin D1 is a key regulator of the cell cycle that is over expressed in more than
half of breast cancer patients. The levels of cyclin D1 are controlled primarily through
post-translational mechanisms and phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at T286 induces its
proteasomal degradation. To date, no studies have explored the involvement of
phosphatases in this process. Here we treated human breast cancer cells with the
structurally distinct toxins calyculin A, okadaic acid, and cantharidin, which are known to
inhibit Ser/Thr phosphatases of the PPP family. At low nanomolar concentrations calyculin
A induced T286 phosphorylation and degradation of cyclin D1 via the proteosome in
MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Cyclin D1 degr
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