原创力文档the enigma of soil animal species diversity revisited the role of small-scale heterogeneity土壤动物多样性的谜重新审视小规模的非均质性的作用.pdfVIP
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the enigma of soil animal species diversity revisited the role of small-scale heterogeneity土壤动物多样性的谜重新审视小规模的非均质性的作用
The Enigma of Soil Animal Species Diversity Revisited:
The Role of Small-Scale Heterogeneity
1,2,3 1 1,4 5 2
Uffe N. Nielsen *, Graham H. R. Osler , Colin D. Campbell , Roy Neilson , David F. R. P. Burslem ,
´ 3
Rene van der Wal
1The Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, 3 Aberdeen Centre for
Environmental Sustainability, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,
Uppsala, Sweden, 5 Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
Abstract
Background: ‘‘The enigma of soil animal species diversity’’ was the title of a popular article by J. M. Anderson published in
1975. In that paper, Anderson provided insights on the great richness of species found in soils, but emphasized that the
mechanisms contributing to the high species richness belowground were largely unknown. Yet, exploration of the
mechanisms driving species richness has focused, almost exclusively, on above-ground plant and animal communities, and
nearly 35 years later we have several new hypotheses but are not much closer to revealing why soils are so rich in species.
One persistent but untested hypothesis is that species richness is promoted by small-scale environmental heterogeneity.
Methodology/Principal Findings: To test this hypothesis we manipulated small-scale heterogeneity in soil properties in a
one-year field experiment and investigated the impacts on the richness of soil fauna and evenness of the microbial
communities. We found that heterogeneity substan
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