the eukaryotic cell originated in the integration and redistribution of hyperstructures from communities of prokaryotic cells based on molecular complementarity真核细胞起源于外部表面的集成和再分配从社区基于分子互补的原核细胞.pdfVIP

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the eukaryotic cell originated in the integration and redistribution of hyperstructures from communities of prokaryotic cells based on molecular complementarity真核细胞起源于外部表面的集成和再分配从社区基于分子互补的原核细胞.pdf

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the eukaryotic cell originated in the integration and redistribution of hyperstructures from communities of prokaryotic cells based on molecular complementarity真核细胞起源于外部表面的集成和再分配从社区基于分子互补的原核细胞

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2009, 10, 2611-2632; doi:10.3390/ijm OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 /journal/ijms Review The Eukaryotic Cell Originated in the Integration and Redistribution of Hyperstructures from Communities of Prokaryotic Cells Based on Molecular Complementarity Vic Norris 1 and Robert Root-Bernstein 2,* 1 AMMIS Laboratory, EA 3829, University of Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, 76821 France; E-Mail: victor.norris@univ-rouen.fr (V.N.) 2 Department of Physiology, 2174 BPS, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: rootbern@; Tel. +1-517-884-5039 Received: 21 April 2009, in revised form: 25 May 2009 / Accepted: 3 June 2009 / Published: 4 June 2009 Abstract: In the “ecosystems-first” approach to the origins of life, networks of non- covalent assemblies of molecules (composomes), rather than individual protocells, evolved under the constraints of molecular complementarity. Composomes evolved into the hyperstructures of modern bacteria. We extend the ecosystems-first approach to explain the origin of eukaryotic cells through the integration of mixed populations of bacteria. We suggest that mutualism and symbiosis resulted in cellular mergers entailing the loss of redundant hyperstructures, the uncoupling of transcription and translat