原创力文档the genealogic tree of mycobacteria reveals a long-standing sympatric life into free-living protozoagenealogic树的分枝杆菌揭示了长期以来同域的生命生活无拘束的原生动物.pdfVIP
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the genealogic tree of mycobacteria reveals a long-standing sympatric life into free-living protozoagenealogic树的分枝杆菌揭示了长期以来同域的生命生活无拘束的原生动物
The Genealogic Tree of Mycobacteria Reveals a Long-
Standing Sympatric Life into Free-Living Protozoa
1 1 2 1 1
Otmane Lamrabet , Vicky Merhej , Pierre Pontarotti , Didier Raoult , Michel Drancourt *
´ ´ ´ ´
1 URMITE CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, IFR48, Mediterranee Infection, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France, 2 Equipe Evolution Biologique et Modelisation UMR 6632, IRF48,
´
Aix-Marseille Universite/CNRS, Marseille, France
Abstract
Free-living protozoa allow horizontal gene transfer with and between the microorganisms that they host. They host
mycobacteria for which the sources of transferred genes remain unknown. Using BLASTp, we searched within the genomes
of 15 mycobacteria for homologous genes with 34 amoeba-resistant bacteria and the free-living protozoa Dictyostelium
discoideum. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of these sequences revealed that eight mycobacterial open-reading frames
(ORFs) were probably acquired via horizontal transfer from beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria and from Firmicutes, but the
transfer histories could not be reliably established in details. One further ORF encoding a pyridine nucleotide disulfide
oxidoreductase (pyr-redox) placed non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a clade with Legionella spp., Francisella spp., Coxiella
burnetii, the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila and D. discoideum with a high reliability. Co-culturing Mycobacterium avium
and Legionella pneumophila with the amoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga demonstrated that these two bacteria could live
together in amoebae for five days, indicating the biological relevance of intr
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