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the helioclim project surface solar irradiance data for climate applicationshelioclim项目表面太阳辐照度数据对气候应用程序.pdf

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the helioclim project surface solar irradiance data for climate applicationshelioclim项目表面太阳辐照度数据对气候应用程序

Remote Sens. 2011, 3, 343-361; doi:10.3390/rs3020343 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article The HelioClim Project: Surface Solar Irradiance Data for Climate Applications Philippe Blanc, Benoît Gschwind, Mireille Lefèvre and Lucien Wald * Center for Energy and Processes, MINES ParisTech, BP 207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis cedex, France; E-Mails: philippe.blanc@mines-paristech.fr (P.B.); benoit.gschwind@mines-paristech.fr (B.G.); mireille.lefevre@mines-paristech.fr (M.L.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: lucien.wald@mines-paristech.fr; Tel.: +33-493-957-404; Fax: +33-493-957-535. Received: 20 December 2010; in revised form: 9 February 2011 / Accepted: 10 February 2011 / Published: 17 February 2011 Abstract: Meteosat satellite images are processed to yield values of the incoming surface solar irradiance (SSI), one of the Essential Climate Variables. Two HelioClim databases, HC-1 and HC-3, were constructed covering Europe, Africa and the Atlantic Ocean, and contain daily and monthly means of SSI. The HC-1 database spans from 1985 to 2005; HC-3 began in 2004 and is updated daily. Their quality and limitations in retrieving monthly means of SSI have been studied by a comparison between eleven stations offering long time-series of measurements. A good agreement was observed for each site: bias was less than 10 W/m² in absolute value (5% in relative value) for HC-3. HC-1 offers a similar quality, though it underestimates the SSI for