the host defense proteome of human and bovine milk宿主防御人类和牛牛奶的蛋白质组.pdfVIP

The Host Defense Proteome of Human and Bovine Milk 1 1 2 2 1,3 Kasper Hettinga *, Hein van Valenberg , Sacco de Vries , Sjef Boeren , Toon van Hooijdonk , Johan van Arendonk4, Jacques Vervoort2 1 Dairy Science and Technology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 3 FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands, 4 Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands Abstract Milk is the single source of nutrients for the newborn mammal. The composition of milk of different mammals has been adapted during evolution of the species to fulfill the needs of the offspring. Milk not only provides nutrients, but it also serves as a medium for transfer of host defense components to the offspring. The host defense proteins in the milk of different mammalian species are expected to reveal signatures of evolution. The aim of this study is therefore to study the difference in the host defense proteome of human and bovine milk. We analyzed human and bovine milk using a shot-gun proteomics approach focusing on host defense-related proteins. In total, 268 proteins in human milk and 269 proteins in bovine milk were identified. Of these, 44 from human milk and 51 from bovine milk are related to the host defense system. Of these proteins, 33 were found in both species but with significantly different quantities. High concentrations of proteins involved in the mucosal immune system, immunoglobulin A, CD14, lactoferrin, and lysozyme, were present in human milk. The human newborn is known to be deficient for at least two of these proteins (immunoglobulin A and CD14).