原创力文档unveiling assigned amount unit (aau) trades current market impacts and prospects for the future公布分配数量单位(aau)交易当前市场的影响和未来的前景.pdfVIP
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unveiling assigned amount unit (aau) trades current market impacts and prospects for the future公布分配数量单位(aau)交易当前市场的影响和未来的前景
Atmosphere 2012, 3, 229-245; doi:10.3390/atmos3010229
OPEN ACCESS
atmosphere
ISSN 2073-4433
/journal/atmosphere
Article
Unveiling Assigned Amount Unit (AAU) Trades: Current
Market Impacts and Prospects for the Future
Elizabeth Lokey Aldrich 1,* and Cassandra L. Koerner 2
1 Sustainability Studies Department, The White Mountain School, 371 West Farm Road, Bethlehem,
NH 03574, USA
2 Energy Policy Institute, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
E-Mail: cassiekoerner@
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: lokey@;
Tel.: +1-303-898-558.
Received: 13 December 2011; in revised form: 30 January 2012 / Accepted: 27 February 2012 /
Published: 7 March 2012
Abstract: The sale of assigned amount units (AAUs) from countries whose emissions have
declined since their baseline year under the Kyoto Protocol has led critics to be skeptical of
carbon markets due to the lack of actual emission reductions that occur as a result of these
trades. This policy review describes the historical context of AAU trading, current market
price and volumes, and environmental and economic impacts of the current AAU trading
rules. Options for how to handle current, and prevent the creation of future, surplus AAUs
are discussed.
Keywords: assigned amount unit; green investment scheme; hot air; international
emissions trading; post-2012; Kyoto Protocol
1. Introduction
Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ’s (UNFCCC) Kyoto
Protocol, developed countries and economies i
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