updates from the intestinal front line autophagic weapons against inflammation and cancer更新肠道前线自噬武器来对抗炎症和癌症.pdfVIP

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updates from the intestinal front line autophagic weapons against inflammation and cancer更新肠道前线自噬武器来对抗炎症和癌症.pdf

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updates from the intestinal front line autophagic weapons against inflammation and cancer更新肠道前线自噬武器来对抗炎症和癌症

Cells 2012, 1, 535-557; doi:10.3390/cells1030535 OPEN ACCESS cells ISSN 2073-4409 /journal/cells Review Updates from the Intestinal Front Line: Autophagic Weapons against Inflammation and Cancer Federica Madia 1,*, Valentina Grossi 1, Alessia Peserico 1 and Cristiano Simone 1,2,* 1 Laboratory of Signal-dependent Transcription, Department of Translational Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH) 66030, Italy; E-Mails: vgrossi@negrisud.it (V.G.); peserico@negrisud.it (A.P.) 2 Division of Medical Genetics, DIM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari 70124, Italy * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: madia@negrisud.it (F.M.); simone@negrisud.it or cristiano.simone@uniba.it (C.S.); Tel.: +39-087-257-0210 (F.M.); +39-087-257-0310 (C.S.); Fax: +39-087-257-0299 (F.M.); +39-087-257-0299 (C.S.). Received: 7 May 2012; in revised form: 4 July 2012 / Accepted: 1 August 2012 / Published: 21 August 2012 Abstract: The intestine lies at the interface between the organism and its environment and responds to infection/inflammation in a multi-leveled manner, potentially leading to chronic inflammatory pathologies and cancer formation. Indeed, the immune response at the intestinal epithelium has been found to be involved in the origin and development of colorectal cancer, which is the third most commonly diagnosed neoplastic disease. Among the mechanisms induced upon inflammation, autophagy appears as a defensive