高二化学复习下册（High school chemistry review 2）.docVIP

高二化学复习下册（High school chemistry review 2） Fourth chapter hydrocarbon Alkane hydrocarbons CnH2n+2 Olefin hydrocarbon CnH2n (n = 2) C=C Alkyne CnH2n-2 (n = 2) C = C Aromatic hydrocarbons: benzene homologue CnH2n-6 (n = 6) (1) the reasons for a wide variety of organic compounds: 1. carbon atoms combine 4 covalent bonds with other atoms; between 2. carbon and carbon atoms form a variety of chain and ring organic compounds; 3. isomerism (2) organic matter: most carbon containing compounds (3) hydrocarbons: compounds containing only C and H elements Section 1 methane 1. The spatial structure of methane: tetrahedron structure 2, nature: Physical properties: colorless, tasteless, insoluble in water, is the main component of natural gas, methane (pit gas) and petroleum gas Chemical properties: methane is stable in nature and does not react with strong acid and strong alkali. Under certain conditions, the following reactions can occur: (1) flammability (2) substitution reaction (3) high temperature decomposition CH3Cl gas CH2Cl2 liquid CHCl3 (chloroform) CCl4 3, uses: very good fuel; the preparation of H2, carbon black, chloroform, etc.. 4, the experiment will be full of CH4 and Cl2: (volume ratio 1:4) tube upside down in the water tank, the strong light after a period of time, will see the color _______ tube gas, liquid level in the pipe _______, the inner wall of the test tube has ________; adding AgNO3 solution to remove tube, tube solution, see ______ generation (fill phenomenon) commonly known as.CCl4 ______, __ density than water Second paraffin 1 alkane: (1) structural features: The carbon in the hydrocarbon molecule is linked by a single bond to form a chain, The rest of the valence bond with all carbon atoms of hydrogen combine, called hydrocarbons, or alkane. (2) the nomenclature of alkanes: Simple nomenclature of alkanes: the number of carbon atoms below ten is expressed by a, B, C, D, e, K, h, R, R, R and C. Systematic nomenclature: 1) find the main chain -- the lo