09、执师考点-呼吸（09, the division test site - breathing）.docVIP

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09、执师考点-呼吸（09, the division test site - breathing）.doc

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09、执师考点-呼吸（09, the division test site - breathing）

09、执师考点-呼吸（09, the division test site - breathing） Respiratory system 1, the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is chronic bronchitis;, The pathogenesis of 2.COPD is stenosis of bronchial lumen, incomplete obstruction and obstruction to ventilation. The pathological changes of 3.COPD include increased lung volume, early small airway obstruction and closed volume enlargement. Airflow obstruction is irreversible The clinical manifestations of 4.COPD is gradually increased. The most valuable diagnostic signs of shortness of breath is a barrel chest and respiratory sounds, weaken the language fibrillation weakened, hyperresonance, diminished breath sounds. 5.COPD classification: 1) bronchitis type (red panting type, B type): bronchitis is the main disease, emphysema is mild. 2) emphysema type (type A): emphysema is the main manifestation, but the inflammation is not obvious. The lung function test is the gold standard for diagnosis. Residual volume / total lung 40% (RV/TLC), forced expiratory volume in one second / forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) decreased. 6.COPD diagnosis: RV/TLC40%, and no change in lung function after bronchodilator use 7.COPD complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax characterized by sudden dyspnea and chest pain 8. the most important link to control the course of COPD is to control the primary disease The major complication of 9.COPD is pulmonary heart disease. The treatment is essential to control infection and improve ventilatory function. First, smoking cessation is the change of consciousness, and pulmonary and cardio cerebral diseases (caused by hypoxic cerebrovascular contraction). 10. pulmonary arterial hypertension is the mean pressure of 25mmHg at the resting state of the sea surface. COPD is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary heart disease 11, the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension is COPD. 12 、 the cause of primary pulmonary hypertension is unknown, and dyspnea is the f