11变态（11 metamorphosis）.doc

11变态（11 metamorphosis） 11. antiallergic drugs 11.1. antihistamines Diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine Alias. []H1 receptor antagonist can antagonize the action of histamine on blood vessel, gastrointestinal tract and bronchial smooth muscle, and has strong central inhibitory action and mild atropine like antispasmodic action. Allergic diseases caused by skin and mucous membranes and nausea and vomiting caused by boat riding. [dosage, dosage] oral: 25~50mg/ times, 2~3 times / day, after meals. Intramuscular injection: 20mg/ times, 1~2 times / day. [side effects] dizziness, headache, drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea, tiredness, and occasional rash. A decrease in granulocytes may cause anemia in long-term use (over 6 months). [notes] (1) disable newborns and premature infants, pregnant women and lactating women with caution. (2) avoid driving vehicles and managing machines during taking the medicine. [preparation Specification] tablets: 25mg/ tablets. Injection: 20mg/ml. Chlorphenamine Chlorphenamine [alias] chlorpheniramine, chlortrimeton. Chlortrimeton. [application] antihistamine effect is stronger, less dosage, less side effects, suitable for children. For all kinds of allergic diseases, insect bites, allergic reactions to drugs, compatibility with APC for the treatment of colds. It is also used to prevent transfusion reactions. [usage dosage] orally: 4mg/ times, 3 times / day, children 0.35mg/kg per day, 3~4 times. Subcutaneous or intramuscular: 10mg/ times, 3 times / day. Intravenous infusion: 10mg/ times, 1 times / day. [side effects] with diphenhydramine, but lighter. [note] with benzhydramine. [preparation Specification] tablets: 4mg/ tablets. Injection: 10mg/1ml. Promethazine Promethazine [alias] phenargan. Phenergan. [application] histamine H1 receptor antagonist, diphenhydramine effect is lasting. There is remarkable central stabilization. To strengthen the anesthetic, analgesic and hypnotic effect, and can reduce fever and vomiting. For a variety of allergic dis