13、执师考考点-泌尿（13, the division examination site - Urology）.docVIP

13、执师考考点-泌尿（13, the division examination site - Urology） 1, hematuria refers to the urine after centrifugation, the sediment under the microscope, red cells larger than 3 / high-power visual field. More than 1ml is gross hematuria. 2, hematuria causes: 1) glomerular original, polymorphous, size unequal; non glomerular original - size uniformity. 3. The characteristics of primary hematuria are total hematuria and no clotting in urine. 4, urine protein: refers to the adult urine protein quantity more than 150mg, more than 3.5g/ days for a large number of proteinuria. 5, proteinuria, glomerular, tubular, overflow, and five types of secretory tissue. Barrier damage - small molecule protein (albumin); molecular barrier damage - macromolecular proteins. 6, tube type is formed in the tubular lumen within the protein, normal transparent tube type small doll. 7, tube type: 1) transparent tube - normal, after exercise; 2) particles - tube type of nephritis and nephropathy; 3) red blood cell tube - acute glomerulonephritis; 4) leucocyte canal - acute pyelonephritis; 5) epithelial tube - type acute tubular necrosis; 6) wax sample tube - type of chronic renal failure; 7) fat - tube type nephrotic syndrome. 8, white C tube type (differential upper and lower urinary tract infection): pyelonephritis. 9. Most nephritis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease. 10, the etiology and pathology of acute glomerulonephritis is the hemolytic reaction caused by B hemolytic streptococcus, which is often seen in children with tonsillitis and scarlet fever. 11. The clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis include hematuria, proteinuria, edema and hypertension. (hematuria is the primary symptom; edema is morning swelling of the eyelids). 12. Immunological examination of glomerulonephritis: the serum complement C3 decreased at first stage and recovered gradually after 8 weeks. The serum anti O was positive. The course of the disease exceeds 8 weeks and can be treated with thrombolys