论宪法上的宗教自由.PDFVIP

成大宗教與文化學報 第二期 2002 年 12 月 頁 53~78 論憲法上的宗教自由 On Religious Freedom in Constitutions * 許育典／周敬凡 Hsu Yu-tien and Chou Ching-fan 摘要 宗教自由是長久以來人類為權利奮鬥的結果，它其實是最重要的、先於國家的 一般人權之一；我們必須瞭解，憲法上宗教自由的規定，是一種內在精神自由的保障， 而透過自由民主法治國之憲法基本原則的實踐，去創設宗教自由的外在環境自由。我 國憲法第 13 條規定：「人民有信仰宗教之自由」。這是我國承認宗教（信仰）自由為 基本權之一的憲法依據。但宗教自由的內涵為何，並無法從這短短十個字就可以理 解。本文擬從釐清人民、國家與基本權的關係出發，探討宗教自由作為基本權的必要 性，由此進一步地分析憲法上宗教自由的內涵。 關鍵詞： 宗教自由 憲法 人權 信仰 Abstract Religious freedom is a basic human right that people have long been fighting for. It stands out as the most essential right which comes before the nation. Religious freedom prescribed in constitutions implies that the spiritual freedom of people is warranted. Therefore, based on these principles set out in the constitutions of democratic countries, people are able to create a society in which religious freedom are allowed. The thirteenth * 許育典，現任成功大學法律系副教授。周敬凡，成功大學法律研究所博士生。 53 成大宗教與文化學報 第二期 article of the R.O.C. Constitution states, “People have the freedom to choose their own religion and faith.” However, this statement is too brief and simple to fully express the significance of religious freedom. In this paper, we will start off from the relationship among people, nation, and basic human rights to fully explore the essentiality of religious freedom as a basic human right. Furthermore, we would also analyze the implications of religious freedom as it is stated in the Constitution. Keywords: Religious freedom, Constitution, Human Right, Faith 54