污染场地修复作业.doc

Natural Attenuation for site remediation Team 7 宫秀臣、徐飞、戴江帆、董姣 Contents  1 2 3 4 5  Definitionprocess description Advantages Disadvantages Cost Effectiveness Consideration for application Examples  BREAD PPT DESIGN Technology Description of NA Natural attenuation (NA) is similar to enhanced biodegradation in that it relies upon bacteria underground to break down the petroleum contamination in soil and groundwater. However, NA does not use injected oxygen to stimulate growth of bacteria. Instead, the naturally occurring oxygen is used. As a result, the bacteria tend to grow more slowly and also break down the contamination more slowly. Groundwater concentrations must be monitored to ensure that cleanup is proceeding and that bacteria are continuing breaking down contamination. BREAD PPT DESIGN Definitionprocess of NA NA is defined in the 1999 OSWER Directive as follows: the reliance on natural attenuation processes (within the context of a carefully controlled and monitored site cleanup approach) to achieve sitespecific remediation objectives within a time frame that is reasonable compared to that offered by other more active methods. The natural attenuation processes that are at work in such a remediation approach include a variety of physical, chemical or biological processes that under favorable conditions,act without human intervention to reduce the mass, toxicity, mobility, volume, or concentration of contaminants in soil or groundwater. These in-situ processes include biodegradation; dispersion; dilution;sorption; volatilization; radioactive decay and chemical or biological stabilization, transformation or destruction of contaminants. BREAD PPT DESIGN  BREAD PPT DESIGN Historical development ? 1985 – Always a remedial alternative: EPA says it was used in Superfund as early as 1985 ? 1988 – Guidance on Remedial Actions for Contaminated Ground Water at Superfund Sites discusses natural attenuation,