第九课：尼克尔森微观经济学课件中文版ch09.pdfVIP

Chapter 9 第九章 PROFIT MAXIMIZATION 利润最大化 Copyright ©2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 1 Modeling Firms’ Behavior 企业行为模型 • Most economists treat the firm as a single decision- making unit大多数经济学家把企业看做一个单一的决 策制定单位 – the decisions are made by a single dictatorial manager who rationally pursues some goal 决策是由理性地 追求某些目标的单个独裁管理者做出的 • usually profit-maximization （其目标）一般是利润 最大化 2 Profit Maximization利润最大化 • A profit-maximizing firm chooses both its inputs and its outputs with the sole goal of achieving maximum economic profits 利润最大化的企业，仅为了达到最大的 经济利润的目的，选择投入和产出 – seeks to maximize the difference between total revenue and total economic costs 寻求总收益和总经济成本之间差别的最大化 3 Profit Maximization利润最大化 • If firms are strictly profit maximizers, they will make decisions in a “marginal” way 如果企业是严格的利润最大化者，它们会 以“边际”方式做出决定 – examine the marginal profit obtainable from producing one more unit or hiring one additional laborer检验通过额外雇佣一单位劳动力或多生 产一单位产品，所能得到的边际利润 4 Output Choice产出决策 • Total revenue for a firm is given by 企业的总收益为 R(q) = p(q)q • In the production of q, certain economic costs are incurred [C(q)] 生产q，存在某些经济成本[C(q)] • Economic profits () are the difference between total revenue and total costs 经济利润()是总收益和总成本之差 (q) = R(q) – C(q) = p(q)q –C(q)