语法讲座------ 一致性.docVIP

语法讲座 ------ 一致性 （一）主谓一致 英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制，决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则：1）语法一致； 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致。【语法一致原则】:谓语只跟主语的中心词一致,中心词前后的修饰词不起作用. A of B 结构 of when that who where why which as along with as well as accompanied by besides combined with in addition to including rather than no less than together with with for example 例：Since 1986 enrollments of African American Indians, and Hispanic Americans in full-time engineering programs in the United States has steadily increased, while the number of other students who enter the field has fallen. (A) has steadily increased, while the number of other students who enter the field has fallen. (B) has steadily increased, while other students entering the field have declined in number. (C) increased steadily, while there was a decline in the number of other students entering the field. (D) have steadily increased, while the number of other students entering the field has fallen. (E) have steadily increased, while that of other students who enter the field fell 基本规则： I .主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。e.g. I love / She loves music . 我/ 她爱好音乐。 Are your mother a worker ? (误)你母亲是工人吗？ Is your mother a worker ?(正)（主语your mother 是单数第三人称） II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。1. “不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）”或“从句”等作主语，用单数谓语形式。e.g. The work is important . 这项工作重要。 To serve the country is our duty . 为祖国服务是我们的义务。 What he says doesnt agree with what he does . 他言行不一致。 Why he didnt come is still a question. 2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时，谓语动词用单数或复数两可。e.g. What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎么说以及怎么想，不关我的事。 What he bought was /were some books . 他所买的是几本书。 How and why he left was a sad story.他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。 不可数名词 不可数名词既无复数形式，也无单数形式，只有原形。有人只道无复数形式，常在不可数名词前用 a 或 an, 其实是错误的。 数词和名词之间需加类似汉语量词的词，如: a piece of bread一片面包。 不可数名词常常是下面这样的一些词。 物质名词 常 ? 用 ? 词 air 空气 iron 铁 snow 雪 bread 面包 land 土地 soap 肥皂 cloth 布 meat 肉 soil 土 cotton 棉花 paper 纸 steel 钢 fire 火 rain 雨 stone 石头 grass 草 rice 米 sugar 糖 ice 冰 salt 盐 tea 茶 ink 墨水 sand 沙