谈谈曹明伦教授对弗罗斯特TheCocoon一诗的汉译.docxVIP

谈谈曹明伦教授对弗罗斯特The Cocoon一诗的汉译华中科技大学外国语学院 蒋坚霞　　摘要：本文针对弗罗斯特The Cocoon一诗的汉语译诗提出批评。译者曲解诗人本意，随意改变原诗优美淡雅的意象，造成许多严重的误译；而且由于对英语重形合、汉语重意合的语言特征缺乏认识，以及没能正确使用本国语言，译者使用了不少不符合汉语习惯的冗词赘语，以致无法传达出原诗优美凝练的语言特征。本文提出一种新的翻译英语诗歌的方法，即以一个汉字译一个英语音节，并极力做到在语句结构上和深层意义上贴近原诗，以确保英语原诗的风姿艳彩。　　关键词：形合；意合；简洁优美；原诗；翻译错误?　　Abstract: This paper makes some comments on a Chinese translated text of The Cocoon by Robert Frost. The translator misunderstands the poet’s original meaning and twists the fine and elegant image of the poem as he pleases. Thus he makes many serious mistakes in his translation. And at the same time for want of understanding the difference of the hypotaxis English and the parataxis Chinese and being unable to use his native language correctly，the translator loses himself in verbiage which does not tally with the Chinese usage，so that he fails to convey the simple and graceful language characteristics of the original poem. Here the author proposes a new translation method of the English poetry，that is，one English syllable is changed into one Chinese character with only one syllable. At the same time，he does his best to keep up corresponding between the Chinese and the original both in the structure of sentences and in the meaning of words so as to ensure the reappearance of the rich and bright colors of the original English poems.?　　Key words: hypotaxis；parataxis；brevity and elegance；the original poem；translation mistakes　　罗伯特·弗罗斯特(1874—1963)，20世纪美国最受欢迎的诗人，曾经先后4次获得普利策奖和其他各种大奖。由于曾经在新英格兰乡间农场长期工作和生活，他常以乡村自然景色和风俗人情入诗，溶于个人情感和观点，最后进入哲理的境界。“他的生活环境使他的诗富有生活气息，‘像斧头和锄头那样质朴和率直’，被称为‘农民诗人’和‘桂冠诗人’”(谢光政，1992)。他的诗歌形式与传统相近似，但不刻意追求外在的美；他用日常口语作诗，描写细腻，耐人寻味。The Cocoon一诗收于1928年写作/出版的诗集(《小溪西流》)，请看原诗：　　　　此诗意象淡雅优美、文义简洁畅达。诗人在一个清朗气爽的秋日傍晚，看见农场草地上一间破旧小屋冒出袅袅炊烟，与空中雾气融合弥漫，此时天上新月朦胧，地上榆树和草地泛着蓝色光彩，农场小屋隐隐绰绰没有点灯，而这一切景物全被笼罩在淡淡的灰白色薄雾之中，显得静谧清新而又神秘浪漫，俨然一幅印象派的优美画作，令人沉醉。诗人大胆想象: 屋里烧火做饭的女人们在这自然美景中创造人间奇迹，她们在用炊烟作一个大茧，并将其牢牢系在天地之间，连冬天凛冽的狂风也休想把它吹动。正当诗人好为人师地想把这事告诉这些女人们时，转而又想，这作茧之事她们原本就懂，自己何必如此自作聪明，多此一举呢？请看此诗目前出版问世的唯一汉译。译者翻译此诗前5行时，用的是定语从句的翻译方