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附录1： 英文原文 SHEARERS INTRODUCTION Longwall mining in the United States is finally beginning to carve out a significant percentage of underground mining tonnage. Although longwall installations are continuing throughout the country –at last count in eleven states—the concentration is in the Eastern coal fields, with West Virginia leading all states. As a result of increased experience with longwall installations under different condition, certain improvements are being made. For instance, roof support shields are being utilized to a greater extent, and ruggedness is being stressed in all areas. M