carnivory in the teasel dipsacus fullonum — the effect of experimental feeding on growth and seed set在川续断carnivory dipsacus fullonumu2014u2014实验喂养对增长的影响和种子.pdfVIP
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carnivory in the teasel dipsacus fullonum — the effect of experimental feeding on growth and seed set在川续断carnivory dipsacus fullonumu2014u2014实验喂养对增长的影响和种子
Carnivory in the Teasel Dipsacus fullonum — The Effect
of Experimental Feeding on Growth and Seed Set
Peter J. A. Shaw*, Kyle Shackleton
Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, Roehampton University, London, United Kingdom
Abstract
The teasel, Dipsacus fullonum is known to catch invertebrates in its water filled leaf bases, but experimental testing of
reproductive benefits of this have been lacking. We report the effects of insect supplementation/removal and water
removal during spring/summer on Dipsacus in two field populations. There were no significant treatment effects on
biomass, but addition of dead dipteran larvae to leaf bases caused a 30% increase in seed set and the seed mass:biomass
ratio. This study provides the first empirical evidence for reproductive benefit from carnivory in Dipsacus fullonum.
Citation: Shaw PJA, Shackleton K (2011) Carnivory in the Teasel Dipsacus fullonum — The Effect of Experimental Feeding on Growth and Seed Set. PLoS ONE 6(3):
e17935. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017935
Editor: Simon Joly, Montreal Botanical Garden, Canada
Received October 26, 2010; Accepted February 16, 2011; Published March 18, 2011
Copyright: 2011 Shaw, Shackleton. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
* E-mail: p.shaw@roehampton.ac.uk
Introduction London clay mixed with some building waste, pH 8.0. The sites
were labe
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