the role of attached and free-living bacteria in biodegradation in karst aquifers浮游细菌附着的作用,在岩溶含水层的生物降解.pdfVIP

Water 2011, 3, 1139-1148; doi:10.3390/w3041139 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 /journal/water Article The Role of Attached and Free-Living Bacteria in Biodegradation in Karst Aquifers 1, 1,2 1 1 1 Roger Painter *, Tom Byl , Lonnie Sharpe , Ahmad Kheder and Justin Harris 1 Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; E-Mails: tdbyl@ (T.B.); lsharpe@ (L.S.); ahmadk19@ (A.K.); justinvaughnharris@ (J.H.) 2 United States Geological Survey, Nashville, TN 372 11, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: rpainter@; Tel.: +1-615-963-5388; Fax: +1-615-963-5902. Received: 15 September 2011; in revised form: 7 November 2011 / Accepted: 22 November 2011 / Published: 8 December 2011 Abstract: Natural attenuation of groundwater contamination occurs at some level for all aquifers impacted with organic contaminants. The issues regarding natural attenuation are whether it takes place at a sufficient rate to be protective of human health and the environment. Implementation of a Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) remedial alternative for groundwater requires parties responsible for the contamination to demonstrate to regulators and the public that MNA is protect