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the role of free radicals in the aging brain and parkinson’s disease convergence and parallelism在大脑老化的自由基的作用,帕金森病收敛性和并行性.pdf

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the role of free radicals in the aging brain and parkinson’s disease convergence and parallelism在大脑老化的自由基的作用,帕金森病收敛性和并行性

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 10478-10504; doi:10.3390/ijms130810478 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 /journal/ijms Review The Role of Free Radicals in the Aging Brain and Parkinson’s Disease: Convergence and Parallelism Hemant Kumar, Hyung-Woo Lim, Sandeep Vasant More, Byung-Wook Kim, Sushruta Koppula, In Su Kim and Dong-Kug Choi * Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: hemantbhave@ (H.K.); sksguddnek@ (H.-W.L.); sandeepbcp@ (S.V.M.); kb62@lycos.co.kr (B.-W.K.); sushrutak@ (S.K.); kis5497@ (I.S.K.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: choidk@kku.ac.kr; Tel.: +82-43-840-3610; Fax: +82-43-840-3872. Received: 2 July 2012; in revised form: 8 August 2012 / Accepted: 13 August 2012 / Published: 21 August 2012 Abstract: Free radical production and their targeted action on biomolecules have roles in aging and age-related disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). There is an age-associated increase in oxidative damage to the brain, and aging is considered a risk factor for PD. Dopaminergic neurons show linear fallout of 5–10% per decade with aging; however, the rate and intensity of neuronal loss in patients with PD is more marked than that of aging. Here, we enumerate the common link between aging and PD at the cellular level with special reference to oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Oxidative