the scope for reducing emissions from forestry and agriculture in the brazilian amazon减少排放的范围从林业和农业在巴西亚马逊河.pdfVIP

Forests 2012, 3, 546-572; doi:10.3390/f3030546 OPEN ACCESS forests ISSN 1999-4907 /journal/forests Article The Scope for Reducing Emissions from Forestry and Agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon Jan Börner * and Sven Wunder Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Rua do Russel, 450/sala 601, CEP 22.210-010, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; E-Mail: s.wunder@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: j.borner@; Tel.: +55-21-2285-3341; Fax: +55-21-2285-0447. Received: 2 April 2012; in revised form: 4 July 2012 / Accepted: 4 July 2012 / Published: 27 July 2012 Abstract: Reducing emissions from agriculture, forestry, and other land uses is considered an essential ingredient of an effective strategy to mitigate global warming. Required changes in land use and forestry, however, often imply foregoing returns from locally more attractive resource use strategies. We assess and compare the prospects of mitigating climate change through emission reductions from forestry and agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon. We use official statistics, literature, and case study material from both old and new colonization frontiers to identify the scope for emission reductions, in terms of potential additionality, opportunity costs, technological complexity, transaction costs, and risks of economic and environmental spillover effects. Our findings point to a comparative advantage in the Brazilian Amazon of forest conservation-based over land-use modifyin