the search for sustainable subsurface habitats on mars, and the sampling of impact ejecta寻找可持续的火星地下的栖息地,喷出物和采样的影响.pdfVIP

Sustainability 2010, 2, 1969-1990; doi:10.3390/su2071969 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071–1050 /journal/sustainability Review The Search for Sustainable Subsurface Habitats on Mars, and the Sampling of Impact Ejecta Magnus Ivarsson 1,* and Paula Lindgren 2 1 Department of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Svante Arrheniusväg 9, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 2 Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gregory Building, Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; E-Mail: paula.lindgren@ges.gla.ac.uk * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Magnus.Ivarsson@nrm.se; Tel.: +46-8 Fax: +46-8 Received: 20 May 2010 / Accepted: 22 June 2010 / Published: 5 July 2010 Abstract: On Earth, the deep subsurface biosphere of both the oceanic and the continental crust is well known for surviving harsh conditions and environments characterized by high temperatures, high pressures, extreme pHs, and the absence of sunlight. The microorganisms of the terrestrial deep biosphere have an excellent capacity for adapting to changing geochemistry, as the alteration of the crust proceeds and the conditions of their habitats slowly change. Despite an almost complete isolation from surface conditions and the surface biosphere, the deep biosphere of the crustal rocks has endured over geologic time. This indicates that the deep biosphere is a self-sufficient system, independent of the global events that occur at the surface, such