物质结构与性质知识点（Knowledge of physical structure and properties）.doc

物质结构与性质知识点（Knowledge of physical structure and properties） Summary of knowledge about structure and property of matter I. atomic structure and properties I. understand the state of motion of electrons outside the nucleus of an atom, and understand the meanings of the electron cloud, electron layer (energy layer) and atomic orbital (energy level) 1.: the electron cloud black points to describe the electronic density in nuclear outer space the size of the opportunity the graphics called electronic cloud. From nuclear closer, electronic emerging opportunities, the electron density increased; the farther away from the nucleus, the chances of small electronic, electron cloud density is small. The electronic layer (layer): according to the energy difference of electronic and movement in different regions, hewaidianzai respectively in different layers. The electronic electronic level symbol corresponding outward from the atoms are K, L, M, N, O, P, Q. The atomic orbital (i.e. sub layer level): in the same electron atom layer, also can exercise in different types of atomic orbitals, respectively s, P, D, f represents a different shape of the orbit, s orbit is spherical, p orbital spindle, D track and f track complex. Each track extension direction number were 1, 3, 5, 7. 2. (construction principle) To understand the principle of the arrangement of electrons in the nucleus of a multi electron atom, the electronic configuration can be used to indicate the arrangement of the outer electrons of the nucleus of the element 1~36 (1). The movement characteristics of extranuclear electron atoms can use electronic layer, atomic orbitals (sub layer) and spin direction are described. In containing a plurality of extranuclear electron atoms, there is no two electron movement exactly the same. (2) the principle of the arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus The principle of the lowest energy, electrons first occupy the orbit of low energy, and then enter the high-energy orbit in tur