生物必修一第六章知识点（Biology requires one and sixth chapters）.doc

生物必修一第六章知识点（Biology requires one and sixth chapters） First cell proliferation 1. Restriction of cell growth 1. cell surface area to volume ratio limit 2., maintain the balance between the nucleus and the volume of the cytoplasm Two, cell proliferation 1. the significance of cell proliferation: the basis for growth, development, reproduction, and inheritance of organisms 2. the way mitotic cells divide: mitosis, mitosis, meiosis (I) cell cycle (1) concept: a continuous division of cells, beginning with the completion of a division, until the next division is complete. (2) two stages: Interphase: from the end of a cell to the next division Division period: divided into the early, middle, late, late stage (3) characteristics: interphase occupies a long time. (two) the main characteristics of each phase of mitosis in plant cells: 1. interphase Features: complete DNA replication and protein synthesis Results: each chromosome formed two sister chromatid, showing chromatin morphology 2. prophase Characteristics: (1) chromosome, spindle appeared, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappeared Chromosome characteristic: 1. The chromosome is scattered around the center of the cell. 2, each chromosome has two sister chromatid 3. metaphase Characteristics: the centromere of all chromosomes is arranged on the equatorial plate. The morphology and number of chromosomes are the clearest Chromosome characteristics: the morphology of chromosomes is relatively fixed, the number is relatively clear. Therefore, metaphase is the best time to observe and count chromosomes. 4. later period Characteristics: the filament divides into two parts, and the sister chromatid divides into two stripe chromosomes. And move to the poles respectively. Move to the poles of the cell, respectively. At this time, all chromosomes in the nucleus are evenly distributed to the cell poles Chromosome characteristics: disappearance of chromatid, doubling of chromosome number. 5. telophase Characteristics: (1) chromos