生物必修2总结（Biological compulsory 2 Summary）.doc

生物必修2总结（Biological compulsory 2 Summary） Results: the number of chromosomes in the newly created germ cells was reduced by half than that of the original germ cells. The main changes in the chromosomes formation of sperm and egg cells meiosis interphase chromosome replication, the homologous chromosome synapsis was divided into four body (non sister chromatid exchange, often between cross) homologous chromosomes arranged in the equatorial plate, after phase separation of homologous chromosomes and non homologous chromosome free combination; meiosis second prophase chromosomes scattered in the cells, the metaphase chromosome centromere arranged on the equatorial plate, late chromosome centromere division chromatid separation. Identification of the patterns of mitosis and meiosis: (in the case of diploid organisms) There are no homologous chromosomes in 1. cells...... Meiosis second division 2. having homologous chromosomes, forming four bodies, arranged on an equatorial plate, or separating from each other...... Meiotic first division 3. homologous chromosomes do not have these particular behaviors...... Mitosis Memory point: The result of 1. meiotic division is that the number of chromosomes in the newly created germ cells is less than half that of the original reproductive cell. The 2. meiotic synapsis of homologous chromosomes are separated from each other, chromosome out certain independence; two chromosomes move to which one is random, it is different on the chromosome (non homologous chromosomes) can be freely combined. 3. the halving of the number of chromosomes in meiosis occurs in the first division of meiosis. 4. A spermatogonia undergoes meiosis to form four sperm cells, and sperm cells undergo complex changes to form sperm. 5. an egg cell undergoes meiosis, forming only one egg cell. 6., for sexually transmitted organisms, meiosis and fertilization are important for maintaining the constant number of chromosomes in each cell before and after each organism