材料力学性能（Mechanical properties of materials）.docVIP

材料力学性能（Mechanical properties of materials） 1 elastic deformation: material deformation after loading, unloading this part of the deformation disappeared, the material returned to the original state of nature. 2 plastic deformation: the adjacent part of a microstructure causes permanent displacement without causing material to rupture. 3 elastic limit: the stress of elastic deformation is excessive to the elastic plastic deformation (yield deformation). 4 modulus of elasticity: engineering is called the stiffness of materials and represents the resistance of materials to elastic deformation. The essence is to produce the stress required for 100% elastic deformation. 5: fast anelastic loading or unloading, additional materials and properties of elastic strain with time of the. 6 internal friction: the deformation energy absorbed by material is greater than that of unloading when it is loaded, that is, some deformation work times absorb material, and the work absorbed in this part is called internal friction of material. 7 toughness: the ability to absorb plastic deformation work and fracture work before fracture. 8 superplasticity: under certain conditions, presents a very large elongation (about 1000%) without necking and fracture. 9 dimple: microscopic fracture of micropore aggregation fracture. 10 coefficient of stress state: ratio of maximum shear stress to normal stress in materials under different loading conditions. 11 shear modulus: the ratio of torque to shear strain during torsion. 12 notch sensitivity: the ratio of tensile strength to tensile strength of notched specimens. NSR 13 hardness: a characterization of the degree of hardness of materials. The ability of a material surface to resist deformation or rupture in a certain volume. 14 stress field strength factor: the parameter that reflects the stress field intensity at the crack tip. 15 fracture toughness: when the stress field strength factor increases to a critical value, the material with cracks brea