教学讯息设计第二章知觉原理.pptVIP

知觉的概念： ;;4.1 Pictures are usually more memorable than words, and are thus useful when information has to be remembered.;; 双编码 Dual Code(P86);4.2 The functions of pictures;2003;2003; ;通过具体形象的,或者类比的 方式呈现抽象难懂的信息;2003;4.3 Students often need specific instructions as to how to look at and interpret a picture ; 4.4 Purely decorative pictures should be used sparing（节俭的） ;4.5 Representational Pictures;;;4.6 Organizational pictures should incorporate devices that stress temporal and spatial relationships;四种展示方法（P91）;4.7 Interpretative pictures should be simplified and labelled so that only those aspects having to do directly with what is being interpreted are immediately accessible to preception;(P94);具有可记忆性;以一种巧妙、合理想象的方式整合所有元素;4.9 Color can serve two purposes in messages： ◇to illustrate the colors of things in the real world ◇to draw attention to message feature ;小结： 图片容易记忆； 图片的功能 ; 5、The ception of Diagrams、 Charts、and Graphs;;5.1 By and large , the structural conventions of diagrams , charts , and graphs may be used in metaphorical ways in order to make abstract ideas more concrete and easier to grasp. ; 外部环境;5.2 The efficiency and accuracy with which information in charts and diagrams is processed depend on the locations of the elements in relation to each other. ;红色：某超市苹果的月销售量; ; 外部环境; 外部环境; ; ;2; ; ;5.6b 对图表的解释依赖于对各种感知和认知过程的成 功应用。人们对不同感知任务进行加工的精确度是不同的。; ;5.6d. Line graphs are best at illustrating trends. Bar graphs are effective at showing comparisons. ;小结： 5.1-5.5 diagramma、chart这两种图表中元素的组织 方式、相对距离、相对位置，以及图式技巧等会影响 图表表达信息能力和学生者对相关元素的关系的知觉； 5.6 对graph理解的数学知识基础，设计原则，不同的 graph的用途。;The end