Chap01 新闻词汇`.ppt

Introduction What is the Optimal Class Size? To maximize learning without consideration of cost? How would considering costs change our answer? A personal tutorial course in economics might cost $20,000 A class of 300 students might cost $100/student Introduction What is the Optimal Class Size? What trade-offs must university administrators and students consider when choosing class size? Economics: StudyingChoice In a World of Scarcity The Scarcity Principle Boundless wants cannot be satisfied with limited resources. Therefore, having more of one thing usually means having less of another. Because of scarcity we must make choices. Economics: StudyingChoice In a World of Scarcity Wants vs. Resources Economics: StudyingChoice In a World of Scarcity Economics The study of how people make choices under conditions of scarcity and of the results of those choices for society. Economics: StudyingChoice In a World of Scarcity The Cost-Benefit Principle An individual (or a firm or a society) should take an action if, and only if, the extra benefits from taking the action are at least as great as the extra costs Economics: StudyingChoice In a World of Scarcity Choosing the Optimal Class Size Revisited Assumptions: Two class sizes: 100 and 20 Introductory economics classes have 100 students Question Should the class size be reduced to 20 students? Economics: StudyingChoice In a World of Scarcity Choosing the Optimal Class Size Assume The cost of a class with 20 students is $1,000 per student more than a class of 100 students What do you think Would it be a good idea to reduce the class size? Applying The Cost-Benefit Principle Rational Person Someone with well-defined goals who tries to fulfill those goals as best he or she can Applying The Cost-Benefit Principle Should you walk downtown to save $10 on a $25 computer game? The benefit of going downtown = $10 The cost of going downtown is the dollar value of everything you give up to go downtown A