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表观遗传学及其相关研究进展（Advances in epigenetics and related research）.doc

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表观遗传学及其相关研究进展（Advances in epigenetics and related research）

表观遗传学及其相关研究进展（Advances in epigenetics and related research） Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression without changes in DNA sequences. The genetic and epigenetic systems are not only distinct, but also complementary to each other, together to ensure the normal functioning of cells. Changes in epigenetic information can lead to transcriptional repression, genomic imprinting, apoptosis, chromosome inactivation, and tumorigenesis. Keywords epigenetics; methylation; histone modification; chromatin remodeling; non coding RNA regulation; secondary mutations; Epigenetics (epigenetics) is the study of heritable changes in gene expression without changes in DNA sequences. It was first proposed in 1939 by Waddington in the introduction of modern genetics, which held that epigenetics was the process of studying the phenotype of genotype. In 1996, the domestic academic circles began to introduce the epigenetics study, the translation of genetics and epigenetics, phenotype and more than 10 species, among them, the table view of genetics, epigenetics frequently appeared in the literature of science and technology in. 1 molecular mechanisms of epigenetic regulation Whether the gene is expressed correctly or not is controlled by both the DNA sequence and the epigenetic information. Epigenetics controls gene expression mainly through DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non coding RNA regulation. In recent years it has been found that secondary mutations also include epigenetic changes. 1.1 DNA methylation DNA Methylation is an enzyme mediated chemical modification that is added to the protein, DNA, or RNA selectively. Although the nucleotide sequence and composition are not altered, the expression of the gene is affected. There are many ways to modify it, that is, the base of the modified site can be adenine, N, 6, cytosine, N, 4, guanine, N, 7 and cytosine C, 5, respectively, catalyzed by different DNA methylation enzymes. In euk