高中生物必修二第一章知识点（High school biology required two, the first chapter of knowledge）.docVIP

高中生物必修二第一章知识点（High school biology required two, the first chapter of knowledge） High school biology required (2) knowledge collation 1 Chapter one Symbolic representation: The female parent of Hybrid F1 self 1. the sum of morphological and physiological characteristics of organisms is called character. The different characters of the same character of the same species are called relative characters. 2., Mendel showed the characters of F1, called dominant characters, and the characters that did not appear were called dominant characters. In hybrid offspring, both dominant and recessive traits occur at the same time, which is called trait segregation. 3. Mendel pea hybridization experiment steps: emasculation, bagging, pollination and bagging. The purpose of the two bagging is the same to avoid the interference of foreign pollen. 4. Mendel by pea as the experimental material is: self pollination, closed pollination, avoid interference; it is easy to distinguish between the characters, could be inherited to offspring; the flower is big, easy to operate; short reproductive cycle, a large number of offspring. 5. Mendel proposed the following hypothesis about the cause of the separation (1) biological traits are determined by genetic factors. Among them, the dominant genetic factor that determines the apparent character is expressed in uppercase letters, which determines recessive characters as recessive genetic factors, and is expressed in lower case letters. (2) the genetic factors in somatic cells are paired, and the genetic factors that constitute the same individual are called homozygotes, and the genetic factors that make up different individuals are called heterozygotes. (3) when living organisms form gametes, gametes, paired genetic factors are separated from one another into different gametes, each containing only one of each pair of genetic factors. (4) when fertilized, the binding of the male and female gametes is random. 6. test cross is to let F1 and recessiv