重量摩尔凝固点降低常数.docVIP

Experiment C26: Molal Freezing Point Depression Constant (kf)重量摩尔凝固点降低常数(Temperature Sensor) （温度传感器） Concept: the Mole概念：摩 Time: 30 m SW Interface: 300, 500 700 Macintosh_ file: C26 Depression Constant Windows_ file: C26_DEPR.SWS Adapted by Tom Russo from MicroChemistry, distributed by Theta Technologies, 203 Bluegrass Ave., Suite 179H, South Gate, KY 41071, (606) 441-4768. EQUIPMENT NEEDED ? Science Workshop_ Interface ? temperature sensor温度传感器 ? balance (for measuring mass)天平（用于测量质量） ? calorimeter *热量计 ? graduated cylinder,量筒， 100 mL ? apron and safety goggles围裙和防护风镜 CHEMICALS AND CONSUMABLES化学品和消耗品 ? ice冰 ? lid (for Styrofoam cup)盖子（用于聚苯乙烯泡沫杯） ? rubber band橡皮带 ? sodium chloride, 氯化钠，NaCl, solid固体 ? Styrofoam cups, small 小聚苯乙烯泡沫杯(2) ? water水 ? weighing paper称重纸 (*The calorimeter is made from two small Styrofoam cups nested one inside the other. Please see the diagram.热量计是由两个聚苯乙烯泡沫杯一个套在另一个里面构成。请参见图标) PURPOSE目的 This laboratory activity uses the change in the freezing point of a common substance, water, to determine the value of the Molal Freezing Point Depression Constant (kf).本实验用一种常见的物质——水的凝固点的变化来测定摩尔质量凝固点降低常数(kf)的值。 THEORY原理 Pure substances have characteristic melting and boiling points if the atmospheric pressure is constant. If a pure substance is contaminated with another, the boiling and melting points are changed. 如果大气压力恒定，则纯物质有特定的熔点和沸点。如果纯物质被其它物质污染，则它的熔点和沸点将改变。 Changes in the physical properties of a substance are referred to as COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES. Each substance changes to a different degree. For every mole of contaminating substance, the dissolving substances melting point will be depressed by a specific amount. This amount is known as the Molal Freezing Point Depression Constant or kf. The presence of a non-volatile solute in a solution lowers the freezing point of a substance. A non-volatile substance is one which is not boiled away when a solution is heated.一种物质在物理性质方面的变化被称为取决于粒子数目的性质。每种物质变化的程度不同。对于每摩尔污染物质，溶解它的物质的熔点都会发生一定量的降低。这一降低的量就是通常所说的摩尔质量凝固