物理竞赛讲义10（Physics competition handout 10）.docVIP

物理竞赛讲义10（Physics competition handout 10） Circuit I. knowledge networks or summaries 1, current strength: I=nqvS 2. Resistance definition: (R is determined by the factors of the conductor itself, irrespective of the voltage at the end of the conductor and the current strength through the conductor). 3. Resistance law: 4, the relationship between resistivity and temperature: (a is the temperature coefficient of resistivity, temperature, t change little) 5 Ohms Law: (this formula applies only to metal conductive and uniform distribution of electrolyte conduction, the nonlinear components (such as filament, diode, etc.) and gas conduction is not applicable. 6, electrical work and electric heating: Joules law: 7 、 series circuit and parallel circuit: (1) series circuit: characteristics: Equivalent total resistance: Current distribution law: Power distribution law: (2) parallel circuit: characteristics: Equivalent total resistance: Current distribution law: Power distribution law: 8. Ohms law of source circuit When there is a power supply in a conductor, the relation between its current and voltage obeys another law, which is called Ohms law of source circuit. As shown in the figure, the circuit for every point of a stable potential, a stable potential difference between any two points. If the current direction is from a to B, then the potential decreases by E1 after E1. After E2, the potential increases by E2. The Ohms law of the source circuit is: Note: (1) the value of the potential decrease from a to B. (2) the positive and negative sign of the potential drop on the circuit element. When a branch on the electromotive force of the direction (from the cathode of the power supply to the power supply requirements and consistent to the positive), power supply voltage drop as the electromotive force of the negative (as the internal resistance of the power supply, and the positive branch resistance). 9. Ohm law of closed circuit If the A and B in the figure are connected by