生物必修2知识（Biology requires 2 knowledge）.docVIP

生物必修2知识（Biology requires 2 knowledge） 1. The concept: a genetic disease controlled by a peer allele. 2. Reason: human genetic diseases are human diseases caused by the change of genetic material 3, characteristics: inherited by the family, high incidence (about 20%--25%) in our country 4, type: Dominant genetic disease associated with X: vitamin D rickets Often manifested: multiple fingers, fingers, or cartilage hypoplasia Recessive inherited disease associated with X: color blindness, hemophilia Congenital, deaf, albinism, sickle cell anemia, phenylketonuria, phenylketonuria (two) polygenic inheritance disease 1. Concept: human genetic disease controlled by multiple alleles. 2 common types: cleft palate, anencephaly, hypertension, juvenile diabetes etc.. (three) hereditary diseases of chromosome abnormalities (referred to as chromosomal diseases) 1. Concept: genetic disorders caused by chromosomal abnormalities. (including abnormal numbers and structural abnormalities) 2, type: Autosomal genetic disease: structural abnormalities of Cushings syndrome Abnormal number: trisomy 21 (congenital mental retardation) Sex chromosome genetic disorders: gonadal dysgenesis syndrome (type XO, absence of a X chromosome) 1, the law of segregation in biological cells, there are pairs of genetic factor the same trait, dont mix; during the formation of gametes, pairs of genetic factor separation, genetic factors separated respectively into different gametes, with gametes offspring. 2, free combination law: separation and combination of genetic factors controlling different characters that do not interfere with each other; during the formation of gametes, genetic factor in determining the same character pairs are separated from each other, free combination of genetic factors determine different traits. The essence of the 3 and two basic laws of heredity is that heredity is not the trait itself, but the genetic factor controlling the trait. 4 reasons, Mendels success: selection of expe