能量讲义-Energy.pdfVIP

y r B B x z r dr rA F P A 3/ 1/2006 Energy (© F.Robilliard) 1 Interactions: The physical universe consists of bodies, which can interact with each other. A major preoccupation of Physics is to understand these interactions. We have already seen one way of describing such interactions. Momentum is transferred from one body to the other, during the interaction time. This results in forces of action and reaction between the bodies. There is another way. We can consider the energy being transferred from one of the bodies, to the other, during the interaction. The energy transferred to a body, is the work done by the forces of interaction acting on that body. So we have an alternative way to describe the interaction – in terms of work , rather than force – and there are some advantages in this approach. Work turns out to be a scalar quantity, while force is a vector quantity. Because scalars are simpler than vectors, it is often easier to describe such interactions, using work, rather than force. This sets us our next task - we need formerly to define work 3/ 1/2006 Energy (© F.Robilliard) 2 Definition of Work: 1- Dimension, Constant Force: We will develop, here, a general definition work. We start from the simple one-dimensional case, and then broaden the definition to the general case. Work is done by a force on a body, when it causes that bo