微生物分类鉴定笔记（Notes on microbial classification and identification）.docVIP

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微生物分类鉴定笔记（Notes on microbial classification and identification）.doc

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微生物分类鉴定笔记（Notes on microbial classification and identification）

微生物分类鉴定笔记（Notes on microbial classification and identification） The sixth part is microbial taxonomy Definition: the science of classifying various taxa or taxa according to their phylogenetic relatives. Tasks: classification, identification, nomenclature The tenth chapter is the evolution, phylogeny and taxonomic identification of microorganisms Evolution (Evolution): the interaction between organisms and their environment, the genetic system with time due to a series of irreversible change, in most cases, lead to biological phenotype change and the living environment of relative fitness. Phylogeny (phylogeny): the history of the evolution of various organisms. The Classification (classification): grouping them according to the degree of similarity of biological characteristics. Two basic principles of biological classification: (a) grouping according to the similarity of phenotype (phenetic), which focuses on the application of biological evolution, or does not target biological relationships; (b) grouping according to the level of phylogenetic correlation, the goal is to explore the evolutionary relationships among organisms and to establish a taxonomic system that reflects biological phylogeny. Section 1 microbial evolution and phylogeny I. selection of evolutionary indications 1. biological macromolecules as the basis for evolutionary scales (a) in a group of two organisms, if the sequence of the same molecule varies greatly - the evolutionary distance is remote, and the evolution proceeds early. (b) if the sequences of two groups of organisms from the same source are basically the same - at the same level of evolution. 2., the selection principle of biological macromolecules as an evolutionary ruler: 1) within the range of populations required for study, it must be universal. 2) the function of the molecule is the same in all species. 3) in order to identify the homologous sites or homologous regions of macromolecular sequences, the selected molecular sequence