生成树学习（Spanning tree learning）.docVIP

生成树学习（Spanning tree learning） A, 1, enterprises are becoming more and more dependent on the internet. The Internet is the life of many companies. Network outages can cause disastrous losses on business, revenue, and customer trust. A network link, failure of a critical port on a device or switch can cause network disruption. Therefore, redundant functions must be taken into consideration when designing a network so as to maintain high network availability and eliminate any single point of failure. Redundancy devices can be implemented by installing standby devices and network links in critical areas. Sometimes its very expensive to set redundant functions to all links and devices in the network. Network engineers often need to balance the cost of redundancy functions and the requirements for network availability. 2, redundancy means two different paths to reach the destination. For example, in real life, there are two roads to a city. There are two bridges to cross the river, or two doors to go out of the room. When one of these paths is blocked, one can choose another. The way to provide redundancy is to connect the switch to multiple links. Redundant links in an exchange network can reduce congestion and provide high availability and load balancing. However, linking switches together can also cause problems. For example, the broadcast characteristics of Ethernet traffic result in switched loops. Broadcast frames are sent continuously in all directions, leading to broadcast storms. The broadcast storm will deplete all available bandwidth, resulting in no network connection and disconnection of existing network connections. 3, broadcast storm is not the only problem caused by the redundant link in the switching network. Unicast frames can sometimes cause problems, such as multiple frames of transmission and instability of MAC databases. Multiple frame transmission source host to the destination host sends a unicast frame after frame, if the destination MAC address i