道路桥梁测量中常用仪器（Common instruments in road and Bridge Survey）.docVIP

道路桥梁测量中常用仪器（Common instruments in road and Bridge Survey） Instruments commonly used in road and bridge engineering surveys 1) theodolite: measuring highway, bridge centerline and deflection angle, as well as measuring sight distance. 2) level: to measure elevation, such as elevation of subgrade, elevation of road surface, elevation of bridge and culvert, highway longitudinal section and so on. 3) flat meter: topographic measurements. 4) level gauge: coordinate with theodolite to measure sight distance, coordinate with leveling instrument to measure elevation, coordinate with flat instrument to measure topography etc.. 5) Compass: measure azimuth and line, plane, angle. 6) tape, steel tape: measuring distance. Construction: commonly used on the total station and level, in general, control points, design units have to pay, and only with the total station can control the plane position. Level is used to control height. 1, total station, more than 2 seconds 2 、 GPS satellite positioning instrument, 3, level, the best laser automatic recording 4, walkie talkie, laptop 5 theodolite These 5 are very important, especially the total station instrument, level theodolite Classification of highway grades. The highway is divided into five grades according to the tasks, functions and traffic volume The expressway is of special political and economic significance. It is a trunk highway specially for the automobile to drive into sub lanes and to control all incoming and outward lanes. It is divided into four lanes, six lanes and eight lanes expressways. Can generally adapt to a variety of cars into small passenger cars, the average annual traffic volume of more than 25000 day and night. The first grade highway connects the important political and economic center, leads to the key industrial and mining areas, ports and airports. It is a road for the cars to be divided into lanes and partly controlled. The average annual traffic volume varies from 15000 to 30000 for each car to be co