超冷Rb 原子在辐射场作用下的几何相位和量子相变.pdfVIP

Geometric Phase and Quantum Phase Transition in Ultracold ⁸⁷Rb Atom Gas with Radiant Field Gang Chen 1，J.-Q. Liang 1，W.-M. Liu 2 1．Institute of Theoretical Physics ，Shanxi University，Taiyuan （030006 ） 2 ．Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics ，Insittute of Physics，Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing （100080） E-mail ：chengang971@163.com Abstract The second-order quantum phase transition in two-species Bose-Einstein condensates of ⁸⁷Rb atoms coupled by a quantized radiant field is demonstrated explicitly in terms of the energy spectrum which is obtained in the thermodynamic limit. We show the relation between the criticality and the non-adiabatic geometric phase which is derived by means of a time-dependent unitary transformation. The geometric phase vanishes when the coupling parameter between the atom and field is below the critical value and depends linearly on the atom-number N above the critical point possessing a discontinuous first-order derivative. The asymptotic behavior of the geometric phase at vicinity of phase transition point is obtained analytically. It is also demonstrated that the quantum phase transition is realizable below the critical temperature of BEC and can be detected experimentally by measuring the abrupt change of the average photon-number. Keywords ：Bose-Einstein condensate ；Geometric phase；Quantum phase transition PACS: 03.65.Vf ；03.75.Kk ；42.50.Fx ；03.75.Mn 1. Introduction Recent experiments on two-component BECs of ⁸⁷Rb atoms have stimulated considerable interests in the phase dynamics and atom-number f