第2章 急性上呼吸道感染和急性气管-支（The second chapter is acute upper respiratory infection and acute tracheal and tracheal branches）.docVIP

第2章 急性上呼吸道感染和急性气管-支（The second chapter is acute upper respiratory infection and acute tracheal and tracheal branches） The second chapter is acute upper respiratory tract infection and acute bronchitis and bronchitis Section 1 acute upper respiratory tract infection Acute upper respiratory tract infection (acute upper respiratory tract infection) referred to as the flu, as the outer nostril to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage said including acute inflammation of nasal cavity, pharynx or larynx. The main pathogens are viruses, and a few are bacteria. The disease is easy to be caused by age, sex, occupation and region. Usually the disease is mild, the course of disease is short, and it can cure itself, and the prognosis is good. However, due to the high incidence, not only affects work and life, sometimes accompanied by severe complications, and has a certain infectious, should be actively controlled. [epidemiology] Uri is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans, mainly in the winter season, more distributed, and in small scale climate change when popular. Mainly transmitted through the air by patient sneezing and virus containing droplets, or by contaminated hands and appliances. On the pathogen can cause various types of virus are widely distributed in nature, while healthy people can carry on the human body, and after infection immunity is weak, short, no cross immunity between the virus, so it can be recurrent disease. [etiology and pathogenesis] Acute feeling about 70%-8O% caused by viruses, including nasal virus, coronavirus, adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, ECHO virus and Coxsackie virus. Another 2O%-30% on is caused by bacteria, can be simple or secondary to viral infection after oral colonization, with hemolytic streptococcus was more common, followed by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, occasionally gram negative bacilli. However, the incidence of pat