化学纤维{纤维素—纤维粘胶}.pptVIP

Basic knowledge for Textile 纺织基础知识 1 Introduction 介绍 Cellulose fiber is made from wood pulp, a naturally-occurring, cellulose-based raw material. As a result, It‘s properties are more similar to cotton or linen. Viscose was the first manufactured fiber. 纤维素纤维的原材料取自于木浆，天然聚合物或含有纤维素的物质。因此，具有与棉、麻相似的特性。粘胶是最早的人造纤维。 Cellulosic Classification Chart分类表 Although rayon is made from wood pulp, a relatively inexpensive and renewable resource, processing requires high water and energy use, and has contributed to air and water pollution. Now there are most of the viscose companies in developing country. 由于粘胶取自于木浆，原材料是价格相对便宜的可利用资源。但是在生产过程中消耗大量的能源，污染空气和水。因此，现在大部分粘胶生产工厂已转移到发展中国家。 2 Appearance Structure 外观 结构 The structure of the Viscose fiber is generally smooth and inelastic. But the cross section is irregular. 普通粘胶外观纵向平滑，无弹性，横截面呈锯齿状。 Different processes, additives and finishing techniques can vary the physical appearance and structure of the fiber. 由于生产工艺、添加物、后处理技术的不同，粘胶纤维可以有不同的形态和结构。 eg2 : Spun viscose fiber 粘胶短纤维 3 Process 生产工艺 The cellulose is ground up and reacted with caustic soda. After a waiting period, the ripening process during which depolymerisation occurs, carbon disulphide is added. This forms a yellow crumb known as cellulose xanthate, which is easily dissolved in more caustic soda to give a viscous yellow solution. 纤维素与碱反应生成碱纤维素，与二硫化碳反应生成纤维素黄酸酯，而纤维素黄酸酯溶于稀碱溶液，制成黄色粘胶溶液。 3 Process 生产工艺 This solution is pumped through a spinneret, which may contain thousands of holes, into a dilute sulphuric acid bath where the cellulose is regenerated as fine filaments as the xanthate decomposes. 粘胶溶液从喷丝头喷到酸液中，稀硫酸使纤维素黄酸酯分解并与碱中和，使粘胶凝固。 New Types of Cellulose fiber新型纤维素纤维 High Wet Modulus (HWM) rayon is a modified viscose that has virtually the same properties as regular rayon, plus high wet strength. HWM rayon perform much like cotton in similar end uses. HWM rayon can also be mercerized, like cotton, for increa