crb_jy0401（_ jy0401 crk）.docVIP

crb_jy0401（_ jy0401 crk） Unit fourth AIDS Part 1: etiology The causative agent of AIDS is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is a member of the anti retroviral family of immunodeficiency viruses. The virus is generally round, with a diameter of 90 to 130nm. As a RNA virus, there is a lipid envelope. The outer membrane has 72 nail like processes (containing gp120 and gp41). The nucleus is located in the central cylinder. Viral structural proteins include core proteins p24 and p15, outer membrane protein gp120 and translocation protein gp41, reverse transcriptase protein p55, and so on. After the virus enters the human body, its surface gp120 and the host cell CD4 receptor Union, through the gp41 membrane action enters the cell to infect again. Two nucleotide sequences of HIV (HIV- I and HIV- II) have 40% homology, and HIV-I is widely distributed worldwide, and HIV- II is mainly found in West africa. The resistance of HIV to physical factors is not strong. The virus in the blood can survive for 15 days at room temperature. It is not acid resistant and alkali resistant. Heating for 56 minutes, 30 minutes, and general disinfectants such as 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 5% formaldehyde, 70% ethanol, 2% glutaraldehyde and so on can be inactivated, but not sensitive to ultraviolet light. Details two: epidemiology I. sources of infection AIDS patients and asymptomatic HIV infections are all sources of infection. HIV has been isolated from their blood, semen, vaginal secretions, tears, and milk, and epidemiological studies have shown that blood, semen and vaginal secretions can transmit HIV. Two, ways of communication 1., sexual transmission is the most common route of transmission, mainly for gay men. 2. blood or blood products spread mainly through the input of HIV contaminated blood or blood products, or organ and tissue transplantation, or use the HIV contaminated and spread without strict disinfection of syringes, needles and other medical equipment. 3. mother to c