微生物在自然界物质循环中的作用（The role of microorganisms in the material cycle of nature）.docVIP

微生物在自然界物质循环中的作用（The role of microorganisms in the material cycle of nature） Abstract microorganisms are of great variety, rapid propagation, strong environmental adaptability and wide distribution. Therefore, they play an important role in the process of material cycling in nature. The material cycle in nature is the unity of two opposing processes of synthesis and decomposition, mainly including the cycle of four elements, C, N, S and P. Microorganisms are important producers of the biosphere and the major decomposer of organic matter. Their activities are the basis of the normal cycle of natural matter. The role of microorganisms in the carbon cycle is mainly embodied in assimilation and production of CO2. Autotrophic microorganisms can synthesize organic compounds by using CO2, while heterotrophic microorganisms can decompose organic compounds to produce CO2. Most of the nitrogen in nature exists in the form of N2, which is not directly utilized by most organisms. Microorganisms play an important role in the transformation and synthesis of nitrogen. Most of the NH3 in nature is synthesized by microorganisms; the mutual transformation of different nitrogen requires the participation of microorganisms; only microorganisms can decompose the nitrogen in organic matter. The main forms of microbial action in nitrogen cycling are nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification and assimilation. In the nature of sulphur most cannot be directly use only by most organisms, microbial transformation can be absorbed and used by other creatures; also cannot do without microbial decomposition of sulfur in organic compounds. The main ways of utilizing and converting sulfur by microorganisms are desulfurization, assimilation, sulfidation and anti sulfurization. There are many insoluble generally cannot be used by plants and inorganic phosphide in nature, microbial activity can promote the effective utilization of phosphorus in the biosphere; many microorganisms