第二章词的结构和词的构成方式.ppt

第二章词的结构和词的构成方式

2.3.3 合成形容词 对复合形容词可同样从词法和句法两个角度进行归纳 。 从词法角度看,复合形容词有以形容词为中心、以动词的分词为中心、以名词(包括名词+后缀-ed)为中心、以及介词短语四大类型: 1、复合形容词有以形容词为中心 (1)名词+形容词 如:fat-free toll-free maintenance-free (2)形容词+形容词 如:wet-cold icy-cold red-hot (3)现在分词+形容词 如: steaming-hot smoking-hot soaking-wet (4)副词+形容词 如:ever-victorious over-cautious 2、以动词的分词为中心的复合形容词 (1)名词+现在分词 如:peace-loving, time-saving, summer-flowering, ocean-going (2)名词+过去分词 如:heart-felt,air-borne,home-made,travel-worn,hen-pecked,book-filled,poverty-stricken (3)形容词(或副词)+现在分词 如:fresh-frozen,easy-going,familiar-sounding,hard-working,ever-lasting (4)形容词(或副词)+过去分词 如:newly-developed,well-balanced,far-fetched,half-baked,hard-won,quick-frozen 3、以名词(包括名词+后缀-ed)为中心 (1)名词+名词+-ed 如:chicken-hearted,honey-mouthed,paper-backed (2)形容词+名词+-ed 如:short-sighted,tender-hearted,sweet-tempered (3)形容词+名词 如:long-distance,full-length,white-collar,red-letter (4)动词+名词 如:break-neck,telltale,cut-rate 4、介词短语构成的复合形容词 在现代英语中,许多介词短语都可以放在名词前面作为修饰语。 如:1. at-risk Men over 45 are becoming the new at-risk popu-lation for significant problems with anxiety and depression. 2.in-your-face The message behind his in-your-face taunt: Get with the program; support the GOP Contract with America; adapt—or else. 5、句式复合形容词 许多短语和句子也成了复合形容词。 如:devil-may-care dog-eat-dog run-of-mill dot-and-dash 复合形容词之间的句法关系主要有: 1、形容词+状语 (1)比较状语 如:stone-deaf(as deaf as a stone)dog-tired(as tired as a dog after a long chase)。 (2)程度状语 如:steaming-hot(so hot as to steam),wringing-wet(so wet that it needs wringing) (3)原因状语 如:home-sick(sick because of being away from home of family),travel-worn(worn because of traveling) (4)地点状语 如:world-famous(famous in the world),oven-fresh 2、动词+状语 (1)方式状语 如:hard-working (to work hard),quick-frozen (to be frozen quickly) (2)程度状语 如:far-reaching

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