八年级下册-物理-复习提纲（Grade eight - physical review outline）.docVIP

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八年级下册-物理-复习提纲（Grade eight - physical review outline）.doc

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八年级下册-物理-复习提纲（Grade eight - physical review outline）

八年级下册-物理-复习提纲（Grade eight - physical review outline） Grade eight classic physical review outline The first chapter is the phenomenon of sound First, the emergence and transmission of sound 1. objects are produced by vibrations of objects. When the vibration stops, the sound stops. 2. sound propagation medium, vacuum can not sound. 3. the magnitude of the sound velocity is related to the type and temperature of the medium. V solid V liquid V gas The sound travels at 15 degrees C, and the velocity of air is 340m/s, 1224km/h. Two, how do we hear voices? 1., the sound from the outside world causes the eardrum to vibrate. This vibration is transmitted to the auditory nerve through the auditory ossicles and other tissues. The auditory nerve signals the brain, and the person hears the sound. 2. deafness: divided into nerve deafness and conductive deafness. The former cannot be cured, and the latter can be cured. 3. bone conduction: sound travels through the skull and jaw to the auditory nerve, causing hearing. The mode of transmission of this sound is called bone conduction. 4. binaural effect Three, the characteristics of sound 1. tones: the tone is related to the frequency of the vibration of the body, and the higher the vibration, the higher the pitch. Can be heard: the frequency between 20 ~ 20000Hz. Infrasound: frequency below 20Hz. Ultrasound: frequency is higher than 20000Hz. Long air columns produce bass, and short air columns produce high pitched sounds. 2. loudness: refers to the intensity of sound (size). The loudness of a sound is related to the amplitude of the body, and the greater the amplitude, the greater the loudness generated. 3. tone: relating to the material structure of the vocal body. People can distinguish musical instruments or distinguish people according to their timbre. Four, noise hazards and control 1. from the point of view of physics, noise is the sound made by a vocal body with irregular vibrations. From the point of view of environmental