硬件及启动知识（Hardware and boot knowledge）.docVIP

硬件及启动知识（Hardware and boot knowledge） Generally speaking, the main IDE interface is connected to the hard disk, and the secondary one is the optical drive. Therefore, the major and minor IDE channels are read and write channels for managing hard disks and optical drives, respectively. In the computer, my computer properties, device manager, you can see the IDE channel, in the directory of the IDE ATI/ATIPI controller. Within the properties of the IDE channel, you can see some of the basic properties and settings for IDE, including routines, advanced settings, drivers, details, resources, and 5 options. In the general option, the basic attributes of the IDE, the manufacturer, the running state, etc. are shown. In the advanced settings, there are two options for device type and transfer mode. There are automatic detection and no two options in the device type. Automatic detection refers to the hard disk interface is (that is, IDE interface) detection, this item in general can be changed to no, so that the device will not hurt anything, you can improve the systems start-up speed. The delivery mode has DMA (if available) and only PIO two. DMA means direct memory access, a data exchange mode that accesses data directly from memory without passing through the CPU. In the DMA mode, the CPU simply sends instructions to the DMA controller, which allows the DMA controller to process the number of transfers, the data is transferred, and then the information is fed back to the CPU, thus greatly reducing the CPU resource share. PIO mode is a data exchange mode for reading and writing data by executing I/O port instructions through CPU. It is the earliest mode of hard disk data transmission, with low data transfer rate and high CPU occupancy. There is also a Ultra DMA model, which means advanced direct memory access. The 16-bit Multi-Word DMA UDMA mode (16 bit multi byte DMA) model for reference, can be understood as an enhanced version of the DMA mode, it contains the advantages