血液及主要功能-夏强.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Hemophilia Bolshevik Revolution /wiki/Grigori_Rasputin /hemo/hemo.asp Rasputin Serum （血清） serum = plasma – fibrinogen and some of the other clotting factors + substances released by vascular endothelial cells and platelets Clotting time (凝血时间)：4-12 min Serine Protease Inhibitor Antithrombin III（抗凝血酶III） inhibiting all serine proteases of the blood coagulation system, including: thrombin factor IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa Anticoagulants（抗凝物质） Protein C system（蛋白C系统） Protein C, thrombomodulin, Protein S… Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)（组织因子途径抑制物） Heparin（肝素） A polysaccharide produced by the tissue mast cells and the basophils of circulating blood Interfering primarily with the action of thrombin after combining with antithrombin III Fibrinolysis（纤维蛋白溶解） 2 processes Activation of plasminogen Degradation of fibrin 4 components of plasma fibrinolysis system Plasminogen（纤维蛋白溶解酶原） Plasmin（纤维蛋白溶解酶） Plasminogen activator Plasminogen inhibitor 2 pathways of plasminogen activation Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP) Extrinsic Plasminogen activator Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) Urokinase Plasminogen inhibitor Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) ?2-antiplasmin Antithrombin III Coagulation Anti-coagulation Fibrinolysis Summary: A physiological balance Blood group Erythrocytes carry on their surfaces many antigens, but the most important and commonly recognized are the A and B substances and the Rhesus (Rh) factors Blood type Antigen Antibody A A anti-B B B anti-A AB A B neither O neither anti-A anti-B O AB A B inherited independent of ABO system Rh positive = antigen present (mainly D antigen) no antibodies Rh negative = no antigen antibodies will be produced if exposure occurs Rh group Blood volume The total blood volume is 7 ~ 8% of body