CHAPTER 2 The Internet and World Wide 4. The World Wide Web 课件.pptVIP

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CHAPTER 2 The Internet and World Wide 4. The World Wide Web 课件.ppt

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CHAPTER 2 The Internet and World Wide 4. The World Wide Web 课件

CHAPTER 2 The Internet and World Wide Web The World Wide Web WWW Background 1989-1990 – Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web at CERN Means for transferring text and graphics simultaneously Client/Server data transfer protocol Communication via application level protocol System ran on top of standard networking infrastructure Text mark up language Not invented by Bernes-Lee Simple and easy to use Requires a client application to render text/graphics The History of WWW 1994 – Mark Andreesen invents MOSAIC at National Center for Super Computing Applications (NCSA) First graphical browser Internet’s first “killer app” Freely distributed Became Netscape Inc. 1995 (approx.) – Web traffic becomes dominant Exponential growth E-commerce Web infrastructure companies World Wide Web Consortium Reference: “Web Protocols and Practice”, Krishnamurthy and Rexford WWW Components Structural Components Clients/browsers – to dominant implementations Servers – run on sophisticated hardware Caches – many interesting implementations Internet – the global infrastructure which facilitates data transfer Semantic Components Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) Quick Aside – Web server use 6 WWW Structure Clients use browser application to send URIs via HTTP to servers requesting a Web page Web pages constructed using HTML (or other markup language) and consist of text, graphics, sounds plus embedded files Servers (or caches) respond with requested Web page Or with error message Client’s browser renders Web page returned by server Page is written using Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) Displaying text, graphics and sound in browser Writing data as well The entire system runs over standard networking protocols (TCP/IP, DNS,…) 7 Uniform Resource Identifiers Web resources need names/identifiers – Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) Resource can reside anywhere on the Internet URIs are a