洋流风如何驱动表面洋流.PPT

躍溫層 混合層 赤道太平洋 從熱力與動力的角度，何者讓海洋比較不穩定？ 太陽輻射 長波輻射 蒸發 大風 微風 溫鹽洋流（Thermohaline Circulation) 深海洋流（Deep Ocean Circulation) 由密度差驅動 溫度與鹽度決定密度 The Weddel Sea: An Ice-making Factory 南極地形高度 Formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) 南極底水的形成 /ges121/lectures/19-ocean-conveyor/ocean-conveyor.html Polynya 無冰區 North Atlantic Deep Water(NADW) 北大西洋深水 From “The Blue Planet” by Skinner et al. Flow Pattern of NADW and AABW Ages of Water Masses 海洋輸送帶：養分、熱量、放射性物質、氟氯碳化物、… From “The Blue Planet” by Skinner et al. Achilles (Heel) Ocean Color Spread of Mediterranean Sea Water Poleward Heat Transport Homework for Chapter 5 Review Questions: 3, 5, 8, 9, 10 加分題: 為何大洋環流西側洋流較強，東側較弱？ Due 23 March Vorticity Vorticity Asymmetric Subtropical Gyre Plankton Blooms, Capricorn Channel 大箭頭區：底水生成區，人造CO2儲存區 海氣的二氧化碳通量 海洋酸化 (ocean acidification) 格寧蘭地形 陸地與海底地形 From “The Blue Planet” by Skinner et al. * Distribution of the climatological mean annual sea-air CO2 flux (moles CO2 m–2 yr–1) for the reference year 1995 representing non-El Ni?o conditions. This has been computed using the mean monthly distribution of sea-air pCO2 difference, the climatological NCEP 41-year mean wind speed and the wind-speed dependence of the CO2 gas transfer velocity of Wanninkhof (1992). The yellow-red colors indicate a region characterized by a net release of CO2 to the atmosphere, and the blue-purple colors indicate a region with a net uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere. This map yields an annual oceanic uptake flux for CO2 of 2.2 ± 0.4 Pg C yr–1. Blue: atmosphere to ocean, red: ocean to atmosphere Chapter 5 The Circulation of the Oceans 延伸閱讀： 冰海奇航 新新聞出版 Riddle of the Ice by Myron Arms 馴服暖化猛獸 A long journey from Tahiti to Hawaii How to observe ocean (current)? mooring drifter Global Drifter Program /phod/dac/gdp.html The North Pacific gyre has been dropping off shoes around the Pacific since 1990. 1 shoe spill, May 27, 1990 2 250 recovered, March 26, 1991 3 200 recovered, May 18